Surmax Premix (Canada)

avilamycin premix 100 g/kg

FOR VETERINARY USE ONLY

ANTIBIOTIC

DIN 02421062

FOR USE IN BROILER CHICKEN AND SWINE FEEDS ONLY

Active Ingredient

Description

Avilamycin is an antibiotic of the orthosomycin family produced by fermentation of Streptomyces viridochromogenes. Orthosomycin antibiotics are divided into two groups: those that contain an aminocyclitol residue and those that are esters of dichlorisoeverninic acid. Avilamycin falls into the latter group as do the everninomicins.

Avilamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and preventing the association of translation initiation factor IF2, which inhibits the formation of the mature 70S initiation complex, and the correct positioning of tRNA in the aminoacyl site.

ACTIVITY:

Avilamycin is primarily active against Gram-positive bacteria and lacks antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (including Escherichia coli) as determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range for the Gram positive bacteria Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp., Corynebacterium bovis, Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. is 0.0125-1.6 µg/mL. Avilamycin does not exhibit bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity against E. coli (MIC value of >128 µg/mL). Hence, E. coli is intrinsically resistant to avilamycin. However, in vitro experiments have suggested that avilamycin may reduce the production of pili on the surface of E. coli. Exposure of E. coli to avilamycin may limit the number of adhesive pili and reduce the attachment of bacteria to the intestinal mucosa, thereby preventing the intestinal damage that leads to diarrhea observed in weaned pigs.

Surmax Premix Indications

1. For the prevention of necrotic enteritis due by Clostridium perfringens in growing broiler chickens.

2. For reduction in incidence and severity of post-weaning diarrhea associated with Escherichia coli in pigs. Avilamycin is to be used in pigs that are at risk of developing, but not yet showing clinical signs of, diarrhea in the presence of pathogenic E. coli.

Notes:

1. Comprehensive necrotic enteritis management should be planned in consultation with veterinary and nutritional poultry expertise, and based on flock health history and exposure to necrotic enteritis risk factors.

2. Comprehensive management of diarrhea due to E. coli should be planned in consultation with veterinary and nutritional swine expertise.

3. As Surmax Premix is only indicated for use in weanling pigs, responsible antimicrobial use limits its use to pigs less than 14 weeks of age.

Dosage and Administration

To reduce the development of antimicrobial resistance and maintain effectiveness, use this antibiotic prudently.

MIXING DIRECTIONS:

For Indication 1: Thoroughly mix 0.15 to 0.30 kg of Surmax Premix per 1000 kg of feed to yield 15 to 30 ppm of avilamycin.

For Indication 2: Thoroughly mix 0.80 kg of Surmax Premix per 1000 kg of feed to yield 80 ppm of avilamycin.

IMPORTANT: Must be thoroughly mixed in broiler chicken or swine feeds before use.

For better dispersion, it is recommended that Surmax Premix be thoroughly mixed with a small quantity of the feed ingredients (totalling at least 10 kg) prior to the manufacturing of the medicated feed.

FEEDING DIRECTIONS:

For Indication 1: Avilamycin should be fed continuously as the sole ration at 15 to 30 ppm for a period of 21 days during the necrotic enteritis risk period, as determined by the veterinarian.

For Indication 2: Avilamycin should be fed continuously as the sole ration at 80 ppm for a period of up to 21 days post weaning, and prior to the expected onset of post-weaning diarrhea (See CAUTIONS).

CAUTIONS:

In swine, the effectiveness of Surmax Premix has only been demonstrated when avilamycin-medicated feed was offered before the onset of diarrhea. Use of Surmax Premix for the treatment of established cases of clinical diarrhea in weanling pigs has not been demonstrated.

Do not use in feeds containing pellet binding agents with the exception of calcium lignosulfate pellet binder.

Warnings

No withdrawal period is required for broiler chickens or swine when treated according to the label.

Do not use in laying hens.

When handling the product, avoid inhalation, oral exposure, and direct contact with skin or eyes. Use protective clothing, impervious gloves, goggles, and an approved dust mask. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. If accidental eye contact occurs, immediately rinse thoroughly with water. If irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Keep out of reach of children.

Effectiveness

A blinded randomized controlled trial was performed in 2011 at four swine farms in the U.S.A. A total of 800 weanling pigs were enrolled in the trial with 200 animals enrolled per site and evenly allocated between the treatment group receiving 80 ppm avilamycin premix in the feed for 21 days and the negative control group. All pigs were 3-4 weeks of age when weaned and enrolled in the trial.

The primary outcome parameter was incidence of diarrhea during the 21-day study period. Fecal consistency was assessed for each animal daily, using a 4-point scale (0 = normal feces, 1 = semi-solid feces, 2 = loose feces, 3 = watery feces). An animal was considered diarrheic if it had a fecal consistency score of 2 or 3 at any point during the 21-day study period. The secondary outcome parameter was severity of diarrhea, based on the mean diarrhea score during the study period. Animals removed from the study for non-colibacillosis reasons were excluded from the diarrhea incidence and severity analysis.

Avilamycin-treated pigs had an overall 21-day diarrhea incidence that was 31% lower than the negative-control group. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). The overall absolute reduction in diarrhea incidence was 28% (avilamycin premix incidence = 61%, control incidence = 89%). Avilamycin-treated animals at all 4 sites had a lower incidence of diarrhea than negative controls. See table below for further details.

The overall mean diarrhea severity scores in pigs for avilamycin treatment group and negative control were 0.43 and 0.87, respectively, a statistically significant difference (p<0.01).

Storage

Store at or below 25°C.

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